Evaluación de tres métodos para determinar el requerimiento hídrico, del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays. L.) var INIAP 102, cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The present investigation proposes: to evaluate three methods to determine the hidric requirement in the corn crop yield {Zea mays. L.) var. INIAP 102, through the use of drainage lysimeters, type A evaporation tank and empirical FAO formulas in Riobamba canton , Chimborazo province; for which a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, with three treatments and three repetitions; T1Lysimetry, irrigation laminate determined by a drainage lysimeter, applied once the lysimeter stops draining; T2 Evaporation tank type A, laminates applied with a 25% abatement of the usable humidity; T3 Empirical formula FAO, laminates applied with a 25% abatement of the usable humidity; T3 Empirical formula FAO, laminates applied with a 25% abatement of the usable humidity; to comply with the laminates in each treatment was installed a drip irrigation system. The results showed that the irrigation laminates significantly affected the yield, obtaining the highest with the T3 (Empirical Formulas FAO) with an applied volume of 533 mm obtaining a yield of 6420kg / Ha The variables evaluated in the course of the trial were: height of the plant, diameter of the stem (50,100 and 150 DDS) and at the time of harvest were: height to the formation of corn, number of corn per plant, weight of corn per plant , total yield, relative water content, percentage of dry matter, and correlation between water used and yield (Water footprint).Four phenological stages were established from sowing to harvesting in corn. Emergence (initial phase), leaf development and stem growth (development phase), flowering (intermediate stage), fruit formation (final phase). The Kc was determined and adjusted for each of the phenological stages 0.6; 1.02; 1.02; 0.9; for the initial stage intermediate and final development respectively, data obtained by lysimetry. Keywords: HYDRIC REQUIREMENT - IRRIGATION PLATES - DRAINAGE LYSIMETERS - HYDROLOGY.