Evaluación de cuatro sustratos para la reproducción sexual de Swietenia macrophylla (Caoba) en el vivero de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, en la ciudad Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The present research proposes: to evaluate four substrates for the sexual reproduction of Swietenia macrophylla (Caoba) in the plant nursery of Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo,in Riobamba city- Chimborazo province; that allows us to improve the sexual propagation of a forest species that is in danger of extinction, such as Swietenia macrophylla (Caoba). In the project, two trials were carried out in the plant nursery, one trial was adapting to the germinative needs according to the place of origin of the seed and another at room temperature in the plant nursery of ESPOCH. Four substrates were used: T1) clay (control); T2) river sand; T3) black earth 70%, peat 20% and husk 10% (T2) (3: 1: 1) and T4) sterile substrate BM2. The growth variables evaluated were the following: Height and diameter at neck height (DNH), percentage and germination time. The Completely Random Blocks experimental design was used with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions; the analysis of variance and average comparison through Tukey test with parametric data and Friedman test with the non-parametric data, with a level of significance (a) of 5%. It was made through InfoStat® software. The results for this study show that the substrates that best behaved for the production of Swietenia macrophylla in the plant nursery are: river sand and BM2, since they got a percentage a little favorable comparing with the others. The low percentage was given to the environmental conditions recorded in the plant nursery, the seed underwent an adaptation process generating a low level of germination, for which the effect of temperature and atmospheric pressure that the seed underwent on germination was analyzed.

Keywords: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - SUBSTRATES- FOREST NURSERY- FOREST SPECIES.