Desarrollo de una ingeniería conceptual para el proceso de pirólisis térmica de residuos plásticos de polipropileno y poliestireno.

Abstract

The objective of the research was to develop a conceptual engineering for the thermal pyrolysis process of polypropylene and polystyrene plastic waste, which will allow to determine the best technology for the operating conditions of the pyro-lithic process. The method used for the investigation was the bibliographic compilation together with the interpretation of the results obtained in several related studies. The parameters analyzed were Temperature (°C), Pressure (atm), Heating speed (Kw/s) and Residence time (h), Composition of the raw materials (polypropylene and polystyrene), Type of the reactor (batch), Fraction obtains (%). It was determined that the reactor with the best overall performance in batch-type tank angled, from a feed of 0.5 kg/s, with 78%, whose fractions are 76.16% for the liquid, 4.3% for the gas and 19.512% for coke. The existing technologies of the pyrolysis process were analyzed obtaining the best yields of liquid fraction 68.55% for polystyrene an 47.18% polypropylene in a material retention time of less than 30 minutes with an efficiency of the pyrolytic process of 87% whenever it is carried out previous treatments of recycling, on the other hand to not make such treatments the composition of liquids is 25.07% and 28.11% respectively for the presence of contaminants and other polymers. Thermal pyrolysis can be used throughout the field of recovery of plastic polymer compounds because it is a very efficient high performance method that requires the control of independent operation variables to obtain the desired product.