Filogenia molecular de las orquídeas del género Dracula en el Ecuador, utilizando ITS como marcador molecular.

Abstract

The objetive was to stablish the molecular phylogeny of the Dracula orchids kind in Ecuador, by using the Internal Trascribed Spacer (ITS) as a molecular marker; for which it has been recollect 54 or 55 species described in the country in a total of 108 samples from collectors and orchidariums located in the Carchi and Pichincha province. The molecular analysis was made to avoid any classification problems for these gender and artificial hybrids confuse with new species, the extraction of the DNA was made by a chemical protocol of Doyle & Doyle, subsequently the molecular marker samples the ITS1 for the Fordware chain and the ITS4 for the reverse chain were amplified, in horizontal electrophoresis through the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) conventional for its further sequencing in Macrogen, the generation of cladograms ware made with the MEGA 7 software. Two kind of species were taken, the Masdevallia and Diodopnosis erinacea species as external groups for rooting the tree. The used of the marker ITS leave a more clear understanding of the evolution of this gender and many others species inside of it, the formation of clades and the absence of hybrids, despite this, as a universal marker it could generate mistakes on the cladograms the ones that show many sections of subdivided ranges and to be this the first study to apply the ITS on these type of orchids, the results cannot be compare with the defined cladograms by this marker. Its recommend to investigate new regions of chloroplastic and nuclear DNA to resolve the controversy that presents the outdated classification of the gender.