Evaluación de la actividad biocida sobre Achatina fulica de extractos fermentados de los glicoalcaloides contenidos en Solanum sessiliflorum.

Abstract

The objective was to determine the biocidal activity of fermented extracts of glycoalkaloid of Solanum sessiliflorum against Achatina fulica. To obtain this extract, the fruits were subjected to the sun for 3 days, then they were cut, squeezed and sneaked; thereafter, it was fermented in a homemade biodigester, its application in A. fulica at concentrations of 100% and 10% gave low values of mortality (88.87% and 71.13% respectively). Considering these results, a comparative study was made of the biocidal power between the Solanum sessiliflorum and Solanum mammosum species. For which a completely randomized experimental design was executed with 6 treatments (100% and 10% v / v extracts of S. sessiliflorum, S. mammosum, and its mixture) and 5 repetitions in each treatment, mortality of A. fulica was monitored at 24 and 72 h. In addition, control groups were included (without the application of extracts). By means of the Tukey test at 5%, the best treatment was determined, where the results show that the extract of S. sessiliflorum presents greater molluscicidal activity even at a concentration of 10% v / v compared with the other treatments. For the interpretation of the biocidal power assigned to the extracts obtained, the IR spectra of the samples were evaluated. The sample S. sessiliflorum showed the vibration of the bond –CH2-N at 1375 cm-1 which represents the most important and characteristic vibration of solanine as glycoalkaloid, in this way, its presence in the sample can be identified and in S. mammosum bands that suggest the presence of saponin are observed. Finally, in the IR spectrum of the slime of A. fulica post application of the extracts, there are bands assigned to functional groups, which would be related to the Hofmann Transposition process, which would describe mollusk mortality through dehydration as a defense mechanism against the applied extract.