Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento para lixiviados generados en el botadero del cantón Francisco de Orellana.

Abstract

A treatment system for leachates was designed in the landfill site in Francisco de Orellana Canton in order to comply with valid regulations for maximum permissible discharge limits to freshwater bodies of the TULSMA. A zonal diagnosis of the landfill site was made, determining the Swiss method as suitable for the quantification of the flow obtaining a result of 1, 73 L/s. The leachate was characterized by standard methods of water sampling, and the physical-chemical and biological characterization of the leachate was obtained. Furthermore, the parameters outside the maximum permissible limit were identified; they are: BOD5 334,50 mg /L, COD 836,80 mg/L, Fecal Coliforms 911500 NMP/100ml, Total Coliforms 1205000 Col/100ml, Ammonium (NH4) 161.48 mg/L, Total Nitrogen 308,43 mg/L, and total Solids 2697,24 mg/L, with these results, the leachate treatment system was proposed, it has the following components: two storage pools, one parshall gutter, two flocculators for the coagulation stage - aluminum sulphate flocculation, two conventional settling tanks, two drying beds of sludge with a register box, four artificial wetlands of vertical subsurface flow using German grass and an outlet box, register or recirculation of the treated water. The efficiency of these treatments was determined by treatment tests, giving the following removal percentages for coagulation with aluminum sulfate: 50% BOD5, 49,20 % COD, total nitrogen 2,09 % and total coliforms 58%; and the percentages of removal of the artificial wetland were: BOD5 86%, COD5 83%, 97% total nitrogen, 64% ammonium, 99,99 % fecal coliforms , Total Coliforms 99.99% and Total Solids 53%. In conclusion, the parameters are within the maximum permissible limits, evidenced in this way a reliable and viable system for the treatment of the leachate of Francisco de Orellana Canton.