Evaluación retrospectiva del uso de antibióticos en infecciones respiratorias agudas en pacientes menores de 5 años del Hospital Pediátrico Alfonso Villagómez Román.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the use of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections (ARI) of children under five years old at the Alfonso Villagómez Román Pediatric Hospital during the period January -July 2018, through a non-experimental, retrospective study. descriptive and transversal, making use of digital tools with the Microsoft Excel program and the statistical software SPSS for the analysis of data, 197 clinical records that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed, evidencing that 82.7% of pediatric patients diagnosed with ARI were infants, presenting a higher incidence of cases in the months of January to May, considering as a determining factor the climatic condition that affects the sierra region, after that it was analyzed the card records that generated 740 prescriptions, where 517 (69.86%) represented diagnostic patients with unspecified pneumonia and 140 (18.91%) to bronchiolitis cards being the most prevalent pathologies in children under five years of the city of Riobamba. The results obtained showed that the prescriptions were validated, registering prescriptions of bronchodilator, antipyretic and decongestant medications with salbutamol being the most prescribed medication corresponding to 19.4% followed by paracetamol with 17.4% these are the most prescribed. While the most frequently prescribed antibiotics were beta-lactams, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and macrolides accounted for fewer prescriptions. When verifying the treatment schedules with antibiotics, they presented inconsistencies when indicated for 1 to 3 days equivalent to 27% of the clinical records. Finally, it is important to determine the causal agent of the infection in order to avoid exposure to antibiotics and possible resistance.