Análisis térmico de un gasificador tipo Downdraft al combustionar residuos forestales

Abstract

The objective of this study is the installation of a data acquisition system for the quantification of the operating parameters of a downstream gasifier during the process of obtaining poor gas. A study of gasification temperatures in the pyrolysis process was carried out, obtaining an average consumption of forest biomass of 135 kg in the course of 3.5 hours of gasification. A study of the art of down gasifiers to produce poor gas, found that gasifiers are designed depending on the type of temperatures they support and the ability to generate poor gas. In the country, poor gas is currently obtained from dry biomass; which has positive consequences, these generate alternative for strengthening the energy matrix. This justifies the need to generate poor gas with a synthesis gas production, with calorific value of 4.86 MJ/Nm 3 used in combustion engines. Applying the Data Acquisition System and the Labview interface with an NI-6009 card, the most appropriate type of thermocouple was determined throughout the pyrolysis process. Then the data acquisition program was designed, applying the programing of variables contained in the Labview, and determined with the theoretically obtained equations. The temperatures reached in the three gasification processes were obtained by means of instrumentation installed along the gasifier obtaining a maximum temperature of 41C in the reduction zone and a minimum of in the drying zone with mass air flows of 0,002 Kg/s and synthesis gas of 0,0015 Kg/s, so it is recommended to continue with more studies.