Evaluación de métodos para la extracción de saponina presente en el mojuelo de Quínua Amarga (Chenopodium quinoa).

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods for the extraction of saponin present in the mojuelo of bitter Quinoa (Chepopodium quinoa). The research contemplated four stages for its development; the first was the selection of mojuelo from different origins; the second stage consisted in the extraction of saponin by three different methodologies: with maceration assited by agitation, ultrasound and microwave, exposed to temperatures of 30-40-50°C and time periods of 5-15-20 min: in the third stage, the purification of saponin with column chromatography using Sephadex LH-20 was carried out. Finally, a quantification of saponin extracted by the Afrosimetric Index and UV- VIS Spectophotometry was performed using 4% vanillin and 72% of sulfuric acid. The most efficient method for the extraction of saponin in quinoa mojuelo was the microwave – assisted extraction under condition of 30C and in a time of 20 min with a yield of 49,25% of saponin extracted. Therefore, based on the methodology developed within the investigation, the amount of saponin was quantified by UV-VIS Spectrophometry percentages between 20%- 45;74% and by afrosimetric index percentages from 20,71% to 47.64% under the stipulated viable conditions. It is recommended to identify the structure of the saponin present in the bitter quinoa mojuelo from Calpi with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mas Spectrophotometry (MS).