Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área de medicina interna del Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in the internal medicine area of ​​the Provincial General Hospital of Riobamba during the period December 2019 - March 2020, based on data obtained from the medical records of patients hospitalized in the unit. 73 medical records were analyzed considering the inclusion criteria, being ampicillin / sulbactam (28.60%) and the association of ceftriaxone and clarithromycin (51.00%) the most frequently used. The main clinical antibiotic-antibiotic interactions identified in the patients were: moderate interactions between beta-lactams and aminoglycosides with a percentage of 2.70% and mild between ciprofloxacin and tinidazole with 1.40%, while, in the interactions between antibiotics and drugs that are not antibiotics, 10.10% correspond to mild interactions (clarithromycin and omeprazole), the 24.30% to moderate (ceftriaxone with furosemide and omeprazole with amikacin) and 9.40% to severe (ceftriaxone and calcium gluconate). When comparing the prescriptions made by health professionals with therapeutic protocols, it was possible to identify that 4.10% of the cases did not present an adequate antibiotic selection, 17.80% of the patients were not attributed a correct dose-frequency and 42.50% did not maintain a suitable duration of treatment, resulting in an economic expense of $ 435.73 due to irrational use. Finally, an educational video was made for pharmacy staff on the appropriate use of these drugs, in order to publicize the main causes and consequences that their mismanagement could lead to, as well as the guidelines to follow to minimize the problem. It is recommended to train health personnel and establish control over the prescription of antibiotics, complying with the clinical criteria indicated in the therapeutic guidelines and protocols.