Análisis de la dispensación de antibióticos en pacientes ambulatorios en la farmacia Sagrado Corazón de Jesús en Riobamba, Ecuador

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the dispensing of antibiotics in outpatients at the Sagrado Corazón de Jesús pharmacy in Riobamba, Ecuador. An observational and cross-sectional research was carried out. The study population was client-patients aged between 18 to 59 years, who went to the pharmacy to purchase drugs from therapeutic group J01 in the period October 2020 - January 2021. The sample was determined using inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients requiring drugs from a different therapeutic group were excluded. The non-probabilistic methodology was used, for convenience that was carried out in three phases: the first, the application of a survey to volunteer patients who came to acquire antibiotics, obtaining a total of 104 client-patients. The second phase took place in the verification and validation of medical prescriptions with antibiotic prescription, to determine the variables: pharmacological group, dose, frequency, duration and route of administration, obtaining a total of 110 medical prescriptions. The third, elaboration of an antibiotic dispensing plan for rational use, in outpatients. For the statistical analysis, SPSS and Excel 2010 programs were used. The results indicated that the dispensing by medical prescription is (43.3%), the gender that predominates the female (52.9%), therapeutic group of frequent prescription beta-lactams (59.1%), frequent oral administration route (87.27%), used mostly in respiratory infection (46.36%). It is concluded that the dispensing of antibiotics is inefficient. Medical prescriptions do not comply with regulations. The dispensing plan was executed and presented at the pharmaceutical establishment, indicating that there is no rational use of antibiotics. It is recommended that the pharmacy staff be continuously trained to avoid the irrational use of drugs and to be able to provide timely pharmaceutical care.