Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área de hospitalización del Hospital Básico Moderno, Riobamba

Abstract

The aim of this work is to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics in patients in the hospitalization unit at the Hospital Básico Moderno of Riobamba during January-March 2020. A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out, with an analysis of 127 clinical histories, having as study variables, sex, diagnosis, therapy, type of antibiotic, interactions, number of antibiotics, the use of the Ministerio de Salud Pública (MSP) protocol, drug-related problems (DRPs) and negative results associated with medication (NRM). As a result, the most prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins, (ceftriaxone with 30.65% and cefazolin with 23.39%). According to the types of therapy, monotherapy (76%) was the most prevalent. In addition, four antibiotic drug interactions were identified, most related to clarithromycin. It was determined that there was no concordance between antibiotic therapy and the diagnosed disease in 33.86%. Similarly, 151 problems related to medications were detected, of which, errors in prescription and therapeutic non-compliance were the highest percentage (28.48%), finally, 131 NRM were evidenced, being the most prevalent the effect of unnecessary medication and untreated health problem (33%). It is concluded that 33.86% of the medical records do not comply with the proper management of the therapeutic protocol, which threatens patient’s life. It is recommended that all members of the health team carry out proper medication management following established protocols by the MSP to avoid problems related to their consumption.