Elaboración de bioplásticos a partir del almidón de arroz (Oryza sativa) y arroz integral para uso como envolturas biodegradables de alimentos

Abstract

The objective of this study was to make bioplastics from rice starch (Oryza sativa) and brown rice to use as biodegradable casings. Starch was extracted by wet process and with the 2k statistical method, using speed and time as variables, using six treatments of 4 repetitions in each of the variables and for each type of rice. In the treatment, the best average yields were 66.59% and 13.29%. The characterization of white and brown rice starches was carried out based on the test methods of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the NTE INEN 1456. The result shows that only the white rice starch is suitable as a raw material for the formulation of bioplastics. Four formulations A2, A6, B2, B6 were tested to obtain bioplastics from white rice starch, applying the 2k statistical method, varying the amounts of starch and glycerine as a plasticizer, keeping distilled water constant. It was determined that the best formulation is biofilm A6, which consists of 5 grams of starch, 2.14 ml of plasticizer and 64 ml of distilled water, whose characterization gave the following results Moisture 26.77 ± 1.44%, Solubility of 10.59 ± 0.01, Thickness of 0.1 mm. In the traction tests, it has a percentage of elongation of 72.32 ± 8.15%, in terms of Aerobic Biodegradability it has degraded by 28.27% in 28 days, fulfilling its total disintegration in 3 months, being the Biodegradability Anaerobic the fastest method of disintegration, since it has fully degraded at 28 days and finally for Biodegradability in water it has degraded 32.02% at 28 days, fulfilling its total disintegration in 2 months. The results indicate that it meets the requirements for biodegradable food casings.