Valoración de la cáscara de Vicia faba (haba) para la obtención de una lámina de plástico biodegradable para el uso en alimentos

Abstract

The current research studies the elaboration of bioplastic from (Vicia faba) bean hull starch; this, like other legumes, has a certain percentage of starch in its composition. To carry out this study, it is necessary to start with the characterization of the raw material and the extraction of the starch through the wet method, the next step is to determine if the extracted product is optimal for the elaboration of biofilms, this is carried out through physical, chemical and microbiological tests. Once the starch tests were carried out, the bioplastic sheets were elaborated; for this it was necessary to use glycerin (plasticizer), acetic acid, purified water and starch. To establish the time and percentage of degradability, the sheets were exposed to three elements which were: water, air and soil, together with the mechanical and traction properties reflected by the bioplastic. As a result of the degradability process, a higher incidence was found in the water exposure process, followed by soil and the lowest percentage was found when exposed to room air; The mechanical tests varied depending on the treatment as well as the amount of plasticizer used, so it is recommended to use a small amount of plasticizer since otherwise very viscous and weak bioplastic sheets will be obtained.