Evaluación del uso racional de antibióticos en el área hospitalaria del Hospital Geriatrico Dr. Bolìvar Arguello, Riobamba

Abstract

The present study evaluated the rational use of antibiotics in geriatric patients in the Hospitalization area of the Hospital Geriátrico Dr. Bolívar Arguello in the City of Riobamba. During the year 2019. For the analysis, a non-experimental, retrospective, and descriptive study design was applied, where 559 medical records were collected. Then, selecting the study group by inclusion and exclusion criteria to finally obtain the sample of 241 medical records. In addition, the Third Consensus of Granada was used to identify the Drug-Related problems (DRP) present in the study. Then diseases were quantified prevalent with more antibiotic prescription and the prescribed antibiotics were compared with therapeutic protocols of the Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador (MSP) noticing, the existence of rational use of drugs. In the results, it was possible to identify those cardiac pathologies have a higher degree of prevalence with 17.1% corresponding to geriatric patients’ men and women; being arterial hypertension the main cause of hospitalization, where the most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone with 21.03% and ampicillin/sulbactam with 11.95%. In the Hospital Geriátrico Dr. Bolívar Arguello from the city of Riobamba unleashed a 100% of irrational use of antibiotics that was triggered by the appearance of various types of DRP: such as prescription errors (18.9%), erroneous administration of the medication (1.6%), inappropriate dose, schedule and/or duration (1.6%) and interactions, the latter representing the majority of PRM with 95.4%. However, most interactions were minor, moderate (16.7%) and severe interactions were also identified (5.4%) classifying them according to their severity. Consequently, training was provided to promote the rational use of antibiotics through the correct use of protocols and therapeutic and clinical practice guidelines. Is recommended to follow-up health personnel for the pharmacological treatment of the patient to avoid bacterial resistance and the appearance of new DRPs.