Obtención de colorante natural a partir de cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa linn) para la industria textil

Abstract

This research aims to extract the natural dye from Turmeric (longa linn) for use in the textile industry as an ecological alternative to the use of synthetic dye. The extraction of the natural dye was carried out using the solid-liquid extraction technique with the soxhlet equipment. The factors evaluated were extract concentration 12.5, 8.33, and 6.25 (%m/v) and extraction time 60, 90, and 120 (min). After that, the concentration was carried out in a Rotavapor at 35 degrees Celsius, for an approximate time of 20min to obtain concentrated natural dyes. After evaluating all treatments, the best treatment was selected, for characterization and dyeing in cotton and silk. The statistical analysis determined that the optimal conditions for the extraction of the best performing dye is to use the concentration of 6.25 (%m/v) with the time of 120min. From the physicochemical analysis, the following results were obtained: average yield 14.79%, pH 6.38, density 0.91, Brix Degrees 60.6, and refractive index 1.44318. The dye presented solubility in organic solvents and insolubility in oil. By IR spectrophotometry analysis revealed functional groups -OH belonging to the phenolic compounds of curcumin and by UV-Vis indicated maximum absorption for curcumin towards 423nm. Colorimetric analysis indicated that the color of the pigment is between the orange yellow hue. After dyeing the textile samples were subjected to textile quality tests (color fastness to washing, sunlight and rubbing) where both samples showed satisfactory results. The wastewater formed in the dyeing process showed that wastewater from natural dyes generates less pollution than synthetic ones. Finally, it is recommended to encourage companies to use organic products on an industrial scale, especially the textile industry.