Descripción anatómica y organoléptica de la madera de cinco especies forestales procedentes del sector hispano, parroquia Ávila Huiruno, cantón Loreto provincia de Orellana.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to describe anatomically and organoleptically five forest species through the analysis and identification of the wood of these varieties. In order to generate technical information on macro and microscopic characteristics, proceeded to the dendrological identification of the five species under study, where we used specimens that are in the collection of the Institutional Herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (CHEP), for the organoleptic characteristics we used the senses, while for the anatomical characteristics we made prisms with measures established according to the Pan-American Commission of Technical Norms (COPANT) of 1972. These were exposed to a softening process in the autoclave at 121°C and 1.2 atm of pressure, then histological cuts were made with the microtome at 0.3 microns where each slide was dyed in safranin, astrablue and the combination of the two, making repetitions for each species of 10, 20 and 30 seconds per dye. In order to determine statistically which staining is better, the program Motic Images 2. 0 and Infostat were used, giving us as results that in the dendrological identification two of the five species belong to the same family, differing in their distribution and height, as for the anatomical characteristics two of the five species present medium pores multiples of two and three being these the species with greater density, it was concluded that the safranina allows to observe the structures of the wood with a better quality and finally it was recommended not to saturate the samples in the dyes to be able to obtain a good visualization in the microscope.