La bomba de calor como alternativa tecnológica para producción de agua caliente sanitaria. Eficiencia energética del sistema y fuentes de calor

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the heat pump as a technological alternative for domestic hot water production, considering the energy efficiency of the system and the heat sources. The research included 4 phases: the first was the determination of the domestic hot water demand of 140 l/day for a single-family house of 5 people in the city of Riobamba, energy demand (0.95 kW/day), and condenser power (3.80 kW) using an accumulation system of 30 % capacity of 80 liters. The second phase was the sizing of the heat pump components using the FRIO program, obtaining the condensing and cooling capacity of 2.6 kW and 3.8 kW, respectively, for the refrigerant R-134a; the process was repeated for several refrigerants considered in the study. In the third phase, the compressor was selected using the Select 8 program, and the ZH15K4E-PFJ model was chosen. The fourth phase involved calculating the stationary coefficient of performance where the refrigerant with the highest performance was propane (R-290) with a coefficient of 3.82, which is considered a renewable technology according to the EN 16147:2017 standard with an aerothermal source. The R-290 refrigerant has a better performance considering the climatological conditions of the city of Riobamba, average temperature 12.86 °C with a relative humidity of 44.2 %.