Determinación de la Actividad Biológica del Extracto Acuoso de Saúco Sambucus nigra L. como Repelente y/o Insecticida en Lasius niger L.

Abstract

Research with the objective of preparing aqueous decoctions (1:2) of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L), and checking the insecticide and/or repellent activity on black ants (Lasius niger L); seeking to enhance the activity of the elderberry, it was compared with decoctions of Zorrillo (Tagetes zipaquirensis H) and Marco (Franseria artemisioides W) in mixtures to find the most suitable one that presents said activity, Median Lethal Dose (LD50) was determined with in vivo application; in order to establish a friendly biocontrol with the non-toxic environment for humans and animals. The insecticide and/or repellent activity was determined with the application of a 100% Elderberry decoction in 10 treatments, determining that it only has repellent activity on black ants, proceeding to apply the decoction of: Mixture 1 (Elderberry-Zorrillo); Mix.2 (Marco-Zorrillo) and Mix 3 (Marco-Saúco) in concentrations of C1 (80%-20%), C2 (60%-40%), C3 (40%-60%), and C4 (20 %-80%) in 10 treatments showing that Mix 1, in C4 is optimal, it presented 79.11% mortality and 86% repellency. With analysis of variance, a coefficient of variation of 8.43% was obtained, indicating that it is a homogeneous experiment, corroborating the effectiveness of Mixture No.1 in C4, placing it in range A in the Tukey 5% test, comparing the mean squares. The LD50 was: 44.25% necessary to kill 50% of insects with a confidence level of 96% applying linear regression and Probit Tables. Therefore, the decoction in Mix No.1, of C4 (Elderberry 20% - Skunk 80%) is considered effective for the biological control of the black ant, it does not present toxicity and protects the environment as it is a natural product.