Obtención de bioplastico a partir del trigo (Triticum) y cebada (Hordeum vulgare) para uso como envolturas biodegradables de alimentos

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to obtain bioplastics from wheat (Triticum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) for their later use as biodegradable food casings. For this, the starch was extracted by dry means through the grinding of the grasses; therefore, six treatments were carried out with four repetitions, obtaining the best performance for TRT3 wheat and TRC6 barley. The physicochemical characterization of the raw material was carried out based on the INEN 1456 standard and the bioplastic was obtained using the "2k" factorial design, with concentrations of starch (7.317% and 7.62%), plasticizer (7.317% and 6.097%), water (90ml and 105ml) and with vinegar, time and temperature constants, where the formation of bioplastics with a thickness of 0.195mm was obtained. Sensory trials were carried out on the bioplastics obtained, determined that, of the four treatments proposed, three were successfully obtained and one failed. Furthermore, in the physicochemical and mechanical characterization of the bioplastic, humidity tests were carried out; resulting in the TP3T R2 treatment having a percentage of 36.3% and for the TP2C R1 treatment its percentage was 40.48%. Regarding solubility, for the case of TP3T R1 it was 62.29% and TP3C R1 58.76%. A microbiological analysis was also carried out, resulting in the total absence of microorganisms, which makes it possible to consider the bioplastic suitable for food wrappers. Regarding the biodegradability tests in the aerobic environment, from the third week the bioplastic was almost completely degraded, showing that the product obtained is biodegradable and compostable. It is advisable to carry out this evaluation based on the EN 13432 standard.