Obtención de bioplástico a partir de papa chola (Solanum tuberosum) y zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) para uso como envolturas farmacéuticas

Abstract

The aim of this research was to make bioplastics from chola potato starch (Solanum tuberosum) and white carrot or arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) to be used as pharmaceutical blisters. Starch was used as raw material, which was extracted by means of the wet method. The best yield was obtained in Z2 with 8.41% starch for white carrot and P2 with 13.33% of starch for potato. The 2k factorial design was used, which provides 4 formulations with 2 concentration levels of 2 variables such as the amount of starch and plasticizer. A pilot experiment was carried out in order to apply the bioplastic as a blister pack for natural medicines. The biodegradability tests were determined in a period of 30 days, where the best result was the bioplastic with the TM4 formulation (1.8g of starch, 0.8ml of glycerin, 2ml of acetic acid and 30 ml of water) with a lesser extent of degradation in the air (20°C, 1atm). Microbiological tests were carried out on all bioplastics in order to guarantee all the characteristics that pharmaceutical blisters should have, presenting, absence of microorganisms such as: total coliforms, fungi and yeasts, as well as little presence of mesophilic aerobes. The best bioplastics were TP3 for potatoes, TZ1 for white carrots and TM3 for the mixture of both, these showed the best results in terms of elasticity, hardness and strength, which are the main properties of these products. It was concluded that the bioplastic was qualitatively evaluated as a pilot plan for pharmaceutical blisters, where it maintained the organoleptic characteristics of the tablet. It is recommended to apply a modification process to starches, altering their properties such as: formation temperature, hydrophilic property, to improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics.