Diagnóstico del impacto económico en la ganadería lechera del Ecuador durante la pandemia del SARS-cov-2.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to learn about the operating costs involved in maintaining dairy cattle in Ecuador during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The information used was obtained through a systematic search on the Web site, indexed journals, national and international repositories, titling papers and scientific articles, based on o descriptive review of the main characteristics of dairy cattle in Ecuador before, during and after the pandemic. In this research was analyzed: the production costs that are carried out in a dairy cattle to determine the cost of the liter of milk, which according to different actors are fixed costs, variables and units which in turn are classified into different variables depending on the type of breeding and technofication system of each of them; the price paid to the producer; the consumption per capita at the national level; the economic crisis that the country is going through due to the decrease in the marketing price of milk due to the pandemic and the dairy cattle breeds that predominate the most. It was determined that the production costs of small producers, unlike the medium and large ones, are going to be lost because they obtain a cost liter of milk higher than the price established by the state, the same one that has had a negative increase during and after the pandemic, per capita consumption in 2020 was 90-100 lt/inhab/year and in 2021 it was 103-110 lt/inhab/year. Concluding that it is necessary to keep accounting of the income and expenses within a livestock to be able to determine if it is being profitable, so it is recommended to carry out research that allows the producers to know the importance of the costs of operation in the milk production.