Obtención de una biopelícula a partir de semillas de frutipan (Artocarpus altilis) para el embalaje de alimentos

Abstract

The aim of this research project consisted of obtaining a biofilm from Frutipan (Artocarpus altilis) seeds for food packaging. Initially, starch was extracted from the seeds using the wet method together with the application of a 2^2 factorial design, establishing that the speed and time of liquefaction are the variables that influence the extraction yield. Next, in order to determine the particular properties of the starch, a characterization was carried out through physical, chemical and microbiological analyses. Subsequently, the biofilms were obtained using the same 2^2 factorial design, from the mixture of water, starch, glycerine, 1% gelatine solution and acetic acid; in this process, four different formulations were generated, caused by the variation in the amounts of starch and distilled water. Finally, the shelf life of biofilm-coated strawberries was evaluated. The extraction treatment T2 performed at a high liquefaction speed for 60 seconds obtained the best yield with a percentage of 12.84%, which was corroborated by an ANOVA statistical analysis; the starch extracted presented physical and chemical properties according to values that are already established, and a microbiological analysis that meets the requirements of the NTE INEN 2051:1995 standard. The most optimal biofilm formulation was TB2 which contains a composition of 2.5 g starch, 35 ml water, 3 ml acetic acid, 1 ml glycerine and 1.5 ml 1% gelatine solution. Thus, concluding that the starch extracted from Frutipan seeds is capable of generating biofilms that exhibit biodegradability, good solubility, acceptable permeability and increased shelf life in the food. It is recommended to carry out studies with additives that improve the mechanical properties of the biofilm.