Consumo de bebidas y su impacto en la dieta de escolares, adolescentes y adultos de la Unidad Educativa Particular García, Guaranda 2020

Abstract

Various studies on water consumption and commercial beverages have been carried out in different countries. The results obtained from the research reveal that there is a great problem due to the excessive consumption of those beverages and the presence and incidence of both overweight and obesity in the population. The objective of this non-experimental cross-sectional study was to analyze the consumption of beverages and their impact on the diet of schoolchildren, adolescents, and adults of the Unidad Educativa Particular García with a sample of 58 people who signed the informed consent. The 24-hour Reminder and Frequency of consumption questionnaires were used in order to analyze the intake of beverages and energy, as well as the nutritional status, which was assessed through weight, height, and the calculation of the BMI. The Student T- Test and Chi-square test were used to verify the incidence between beverage intake and nutritional status or energy intake. Statistical significance was considered at a p value of 0.05 and among the most relevant results, it was found that when analyzing the percentage contribution of energy from beverages to the energy intake, from the 100% of energy ingested during the whole day, there is a significant percentage between 6 and 8% related to beverage intake. In the adult group, there is a direct and strong correlation between the percentage contribution of beverages energy to total energy and nutritional status (BMI) (p = 0.29) (R squared = 0.79). It can be concluded that the hypothesis is partially accepted due to the fact that within the study population, especially in schoolchildren and adolescents, there is a greater frequency of consumption of commercial beverages and among the whole population, some have an inadequate nutritional status for their age.