Diseño y construcción de un prototipo autosustentable de tratamiento de agua para consumo humano

Abstract

The objective of this technical project was to design and build a self-sustaining prototype for water treatment for human consumption. The bibliographical review allowed to establish the fundamental design parameters in the protype. The concurrent design methodology was used, which allowed the generation of possible component selection alternatives through the application of the QFD. Through the interpretation of a physicochemical analysis of water carried out on a sample taken in the Rumicruz community, the presence of coliforms was found, for which it was determined that the adequate treatment of water disinfection is the ultraviolet radiation method, however, the use of this system implied the generation of 65 W that have been provided through solar energy and through the use of a battery that allowed the continuous operation of the prototype. In addition, to facilitate the maintenance of the disinfection system, the use of a solenoid valve powered by the micro hydro generation of a micro turbine that takes advantage of the hydro kinetic potential present in the community water pipes was implemented. The mechanical components of the microturbine were calculated and theoretically designed to later be verified by means of modeling in the SolidWorks software to later carry out a dynamic analysis of the fluid and a finite element analysis in the ANSYS software, where the behavior of both the fluid as well as the mechanism subjected to maximum loads for its subsequent construction. Functional tests of the prototype were carried out, which verified its self-sustainability for continuous operation, in addition, the disinfection system obtained favorable results since the presence of coliforms of 300 CFU/100ml was reduced in the absence of these, eliminating the presence of microorganisms in the water, providing analysis data found within the reference range of the INEN 1108 standard.