Análisis de la variabilidad genética de los frutales andinos de la familia caricaceae en la cuenca baja del río Chambo, mediante descriptores morfológicos carpológicos.

Abstract

The objective of the research was to analyze the genetic variability of the Andean fruit trees of the Caricaceae family in the lower Chambo river basin, through carpological morphological descriptors. In the first place, a recognition of the entire basin was carried out through the application of the snowball methodology, developing an experimental design, which allowed the identification of the points to be sampled. On the other hand, technical identification sheets were prepared to inventory all the botanical diversity that this family presents. The Nikon SMZ800N stereoscope was used to establish the morphological and biometric characteristics of the fruit and seed carpology. To demonstrate the existence of variability, cladograms of principal components and similarity indices were prepared by comparing and analyzing 30 seeds from the points of Chambo, Cubijíes, Pungal, Penipe, Guso, Bilbao, Cotaló, Chacauco and Juive using the PAST software. Finally, species such as (Carica pentagona) babaco, (Carica pubescens) chamburo and (Carica stipulata) jigacho used in the area as sources of trade and food were found, identifying genetic variability at the point of Cotaló A in the species (Carica stipulata) using the Euclidean and Bray-Cuftis cladogram. It is concluded that anthropic processes and natural selection affect the appearance of new genetic variants through the domestication of species in the basin. It is recommended to extol the economic importance of the species found in the Caricaceae family in the lower basin of Chambo river through the preparation of sweets and jams within each locality.