Tratamiento nutricional y su influencia en la glicemia basal de los pacientes con diabétes que acuden al servicio de consulta externa del Centro de Salud ESPOCH-Lizarzaburu en el año 2016.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of nutritional treatment (NT) on basal glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus treated at the C.S. ESPOCH-LIZARZABURU in the city of Riobamba in 2016. The study is of non-experimental cross-sectional design, 120 patients of both sexes aged 19 to 65 years participated, the statistical software STATA 14.0 was used for statistical analysis, the comparison test of two means was performed: Student Fisher's t-test for paired data for the evaluation of basal glycemia before NT and after 6 months of the same. Anthropometric, clinical and physical activity measurements were taken, and basal glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined. A menu was planned for each patient according to their nutritional requirements and they were instructed according to the list of food exchanges. Significant changes were observed in the average anthropometric values before and after the intervention, both in weight and BMI values and in glycosylated hemoglobin values (p=0.001 and 0.032 respectively). A decrease in waist circumference values from 96.5 cm to 93.1 cm (p=0.041) was also observed. The average basal glycemia values at the first visit were 196.7 mg/dl while at six months they were 124.7 mg/dl (p=0.001), the glycosylated hemoglobin values were from 8.6% to 6.3% (p<0.05). No significant differences were found with patients' physical activity and basal glycemia/glycosylated hemoglobin values or with blood pressure values before and after treatment. It is concluded that it is an important contributor in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, so it is recommended to provide personalized nutritional care to patients with diabetes mellitus II.