Obtención de bioplástico a partir de la papa yanashungo (solanum andígena) para uso en embalaje de alimentos

Abstract

The present research work consisted of obtaining a bioplastic from potato starch Yana Shungo (Solanum andígena) to be used as food packaging, for which the 2^2 factorial design was applied in the extraction of the starch by means of the software Statgraphics Centurion, through the wet method, in such a way that four treatments were obtained with their respective performance and statistical analysis. Subsequently, the physicochemical characterization of its properties was carried out based on the NTE INEN 1456 standard. The formulations of the bioplastic were determined using the starch obtained as raw material and reagents that provided wetting and plasticity characteristics. Through the design of mixture experiments in the Statgraphics Centurion software, four formulations were obtained with their respective weight, thickness and statistical analysis, which were subjected to physical and mechanical analysis. Finally, it was established according to statistical analysis that there is no significant difference between the treatments for starch extraction. However, with the fourth treatment, optimal performance was identified, according to the statistical analysis that was carried out on the bioplastic formulations. It was determined that there is a significant difference with respect to the plasticizer variable, for which it was identified that the CA2:CG1 formulation has appropriate physical characteristics for a bioplastic such as humidity, solubility in water, permeability to water vapor and biodegradability. In addition, when talking about the mechanical characteristics, the tensile test according to the ASTM D638 standard, complies with the characteristics of conventional plastics. It is recommended to make chemical modifications to the starch that can improve the mechanical properties for a longer time.