Diseño y elaboración de un prototipo de sistema de filtración de agua por columnas que permite su conexión en secuencia mediante impresión 3D

Abstract

The objective of this work was the design and development of a water filtration system by columns that allow its connection in sequence, by means of 3D printing, for which the state of the art and technique was analyzed, establishing the characteristics of the prototype; then the equipment was modeled in the Fusion 360 software and the parts were 3D printed for their respective validation with adsorption tests with a 1% (w/v) basic chromium sulfate solution. The sizing of the equipment was carried out with the idea of using it for laboratory tests, according to the area it would occupy and the 50 ml volume of the storage tank. The equipment was designed based on three columns connected in series; it was experimented using cattail (Schoenoplectus californicus) as adsorbent material, filling 90% of the tower with 5 g and three replications were made for each stage: one, two and three columns, obtaining a total of nine samples for concentration measurement by UV-visible electro photometry, making the calibration curve and measuring the absorbance, to later calculate the final concentration of the process. As a validation method, the change of coloration in each column was observed; it was qualified according to the change of coloration in a scale from 1 to 3, to finally conclude that the number of sections connected in series should be higher than two to show very noticeable changes in the coloration and regarding the characteristics of the adsorbent material; it was found that its adsorbent capacity is 66.170 mg for each gram of material, and finally the percentage adsorbed for stage one, two and three is 69.2%, 85.7% and 91.1% respectively. A more detailed study of the filter material is recommended, in order to determine the adsorption curves specific to each material.