Formulación de un balanceado a base de cochinilla (Dactylopuis Coccus) como sustituto a la soya para pollos de engorde

Abstract

The aim of this work was the formulation of a balanced feed based on cochineal (Dactylopius Coccus) as a substitute for soybean for broilers. As a first step, cochineal flour was obtained by dry process, to later carry out the colorant extraction process where potassium carbonate, ethanol and distilled water were used, to later be taken to the drying process at a temperature of 110 degrees Celsius, giving us a yield of 89.11.%. The cochineal was milled to obtain the flour and the proximal analysis was carried out, giving us 13.04% protein, 4.14% fiber, 4.51% ash, 9.67% fat and 6.56% humidity. These results will be implemented for the formulation of the balanced feed for broilers having 3 treatments to be considered, treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3, of the last two the cochineal meal was substituted by 2% and 4% respectively. The balance was elaborated having 3 repetitions of each treatment and each one of the parameters for the proximal analysis was evaluated. In treatment 1, protein 12.25%, fiber 2.47%, ash 4.27%, fat 5.83% and moisture 9.28% were obtained; while for treatment 2, protein 17.85%, fiber 3.59%, ash 4.83%, fat 5.38% and moisture 10.11%, being the last mentioned the best treatment since they are within the parameters of the INEN 1829 norm. It can be affirmed that treatment 3 has better nutritional characteristics compared to treatment 2, and meets the parameters to be considered a feed rich in protein source; however, it is considered that for future research, the level of cochineal meal as a substitute for soybeans should be increased or, in turn, it should be substituted for another feed that makes up the balance.