Valoración energética de diferentes biomasas mediante gasificación tipo Downdraft

Abstract

Currently the use of fossil fuels as energy sources are the most important, it is expected that during the years it will present greater demand, consequently, it will be more expensive and its production will decrease, it is also one of the most polluting industries due to emissions of C_2 O, CO and harmful gases to the environment, therefore. This research work aims to obtain the energy valuation of different biomass by gasification of Down draft type. Initially, with the appropriate biomass conditions, gasification was carried out at an ambient temperature of 20°C, atmospheric pressure of 72928 Pa, air density 0.86 〖 kg/m〗^3 and air as gasifying agent. The gasification was carried out in a Downdraft type gasifier where the biomass and air move in a downward direction towards the lower section of the gasifier in the absence of oxygen, the activation temperature was 500°C and the gasification temperature was between 700 to 850°C depending on the biomass, the gas sample was taken in a tedlar sleeve. The analytes of interest in the gas compounds are hydrogen and methane, the results reflected values for rice husk biomass in H_2 of 12.22 % moles and CH_4 0.17% moles, for wood chip biomass H_2 of 29.50 % moles and for CH_4 2.70 % moles. Regarding the results of the residues, 4 kg of charcoal were obtained for the rice husk biomass and 3 kg for the wood chip biomass, and 500 ml and 250 ml of tar were obtained for the liquid residues, respectively. By comparing the results, it was concluded that the biomass with the best yield of usable energy is the wood chips, because it has a higher content of hydrogen and methane.