Obtención de láminas biodegradables a partir de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) De la especie pata de paloma

Abstract

This research aims to obtain biodegradable sheets from beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) of the pigeon foot species for use in food, proceeding with the wet extraction of starch and applying the 2^k factorial design with two variables of speed and time; through ANOVA it was defined that there are no significant differences between the 4 treatments with 4 replications each, reaching a yield of 8.2% to 16.102%, the starch extracted was characterized by INEN 1456 standard with results that fall within the ranges in a positive way. Moreover, by means of the 2^k factorial design, the variable concentrations of plasticizer (5.5% and 6.5%) and starch (7.8% and 8.7%) and constant concentrations of water, acetic acid, time and temperature that the biodegradable films should have were determined for 4 treatments, with which TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 were obtained. By means of several tests to the bioplastics, the moisture percentage (19.068 % to 23.692 %) and solubility (29.559% to 57. 293%), the average thickness of the four biofilms with a value less than the range expressed in the INEN 2542:2010 standard of 0.2 mm were determined; also the tensile test was performed under the NTEINEN 2635:012 standard where it was seen that the TP3 sheet has the most suitable modulus of elasticity to be used as food packaging with a value of 4.76E+00 Mpa. When the biofilms were exposed to different conditions to observe their percentage of biodegradability, it was observed from the first week degradation, TP2 reached the highest percentage with 62, 43% in composting compared to all other treatments, through a sensory analysis it was determined that the shelf life of a strawberry with bioplastic wrapping is high, 5 days of durability; these films help to preserve food longer with useful and beneficial results.