Diseño y construcción de un módulo de laboratorio remoto para el control de motores AC monofásicos usando sistemas embebidos y software libre.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was the design and creation of a remote laboratory module for the control of single-phase AC motors using embedded systems and free software. We collected the necessary information of remote laboratories implemented in other universities, evidencing the lack of remote laboratories in our environment focused on the control of AC motors. Using bibliographic compilation, we determined the hardware and software resources for the implementation of the module: in the server we chose a Raspberry Pi 4 model B embedded card, the control circuit an ESP32 card and an Atmega 328P microcontroller, Arduino Mega 2560 and Arduino Nano card for the instrumentation, power semiconductors for the inverter circuit: Mosfet transistors and firing drivers. The output of the inverter circuit is boosted to 110 volts with a 1:10 transformer to attenuate signal distortion and galvanically separate it from the load. For the server, the LAMP system was chosen with the client server model, we developed the user access control, the remote laboratory control panel and the user manager panel. We generated compound square signals, unipolar and bipolar modulation applied for the inverter circuit. It could be determined by the results of the measurements that the unipolar signal has a relative error in the frequency of 60Hz generated at 40 divisions per sinusoidal semi-cycle of 0%, and the generated voltage error of 7.3%, being the best type of wave generated, resulting in the correct operation of the motor and a low presence of ruin. The latency from the client to the embedded system shows an average of 9.05 milliseconds, considering that working in real time is a relatively low time. By using this laboratory, it will be possible to choose the optimal closed-loop control for future researches.