Evaluación de la resistencia bacteriana adquirida en pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital IESS Riobamba en el período 2019-2021

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the acquired bacterial resistance in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital General IESS Riobamba during 2019-2021. For this purpose, a retrospective and quantitative study was conducted using data reported by the hospital laboratory and mathematical calculations and statistical analysis using SPSS and Excel, the study had a cross-sectional design because it was conducted in a given period of time without manipulation of variables, all microbiological reports of patients admitted to ICU in the respective years of study were included. Through this methodology, a total of 361 samples were obtained, where it was identified that Gram-negative microorganisms were the most frequently isolated in the samples obtained from the patients, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. A high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was observed, which was supported by the reports of resistance mechanisms found, such as the production of BLEE capable of hydrolyzing most beta-lactams with 72 positive cases; 57 isolates of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae also resistant to carbapenems; and 29 samples of pathogens carrying the mecA gene with resistance to methicillin and most cephalosporins. It was thus concluded that antibiotic resistance has increased dramatically, raising great concern about the few safe and effective therapeutic options to treat infections. It is recommended that new measures be implemented based on the current health situation, for example, greater control in dispensing of antibiotics to prevent self-medication and support the problem of bacterial resistance.