Fecundación in Vitro como Alternativa para el Mejoramiento Genético en Bovinos.

Abstract

The bio-technological advances in Bovine Reproduction have, enormously been developed; among them the In vitro (FIV) Fertilization to obtain a genetic improvement in dairy, meat and double purpose cattle. In this work the environmental and nutritional requirements are mentioned for the In vitro culture of embryos, maturity, fertilization and in vitro culture, processes which are of vital importance to successfully carry out the obtainment of embryos and with it the application of techniques such as the embryo transfer to select the genetic material. In the mentioned investigations the effectiveness of the FIV is stressed as 38.03 to 57.14 % transfer embryos are obtained which maximize the embryo production at a minimum time and the time between generations is shortened. In Ecuador there are 54.14 % indigenous cattle. 0.81 % thoroughbred meat cattle, 0.87 % thoroughbred dairy cattle and 0.35 % double purpose thoroughbred cattle. This is why with the in vitro fertilization it is possible to obtain improved bovine embryos in the country, carry out crosses between thoroughbred bovines and indigenous ones to take advantage of the hybrid vigor, adaptability, rusticity, longevity and fertility in producing breeds; it is also possible to preserve indigenous bovine embryos maintaining intact the genetic patrimony.