Diseño e implementación de un sistema IoT prototipo para el control de riego por goteo y fumigación por aspersión en cultivos de invernadero.

Abstract

The objective of this research project was to implement a prototype IoT system for the control and monitoring of irrigation and fumigation in greenhouse crops through a mobile application, with the aim of reducing the time required for in-person interventions on tasks such as irrigation and fumigation. In order to develop the prototype, desk research was carried out on IoT technology within the agricultural sector, determining the main variables to be monitored inside a greenhouse and the use of temperature, relative humidity, soil humidity, and water level sensors connected to a NodeMCU Wi-Fi module which is responsible for wireless communication with the server, through the Internet of Things protocols. The information acquired by the various sensors is displayed in an Android application created on the Blynk platform and is also stored in the Thingspeak database to view the data in real-time, analyze the data and take actions regarding the greenhouse conditions. The action mechanism is made up of an irrigation system and a fumigation system controlled locally and remotely according to the needs of the user. For the experimental phase, the prototype was implemented in a greenhouse located in Salinas. The results obtained were a 40% reduction in operator time used for irrigation and fumigation with a water consumption rate of 1.6 L/Min and 0.34 L/Min, respectively. The system sends a notification when a tank is empty, and in general, there is a one-second delay for communication between the mobile and the Wi-Fi module. It was concluded that the prototype successfully optimizes water resource and the workforce. It is recommended that temperature control be implemented in the greenhouse.