Análisis multitemporal: cobertura vegetal y cambios en el uso de suelo caso García Moreno- provincia de Orellana

Abstract

The present work of Curricular Integration proposed to know the changes that have had both the vegetation cover and the land use of the parish García Moreno, province of Orellana; same that has an area of 131.719 km2, for which, a multitemporal analysis of the periods 2018 and 2021 was performed where satellite images downloaded from the Geological Survey of the United States (USGS) were used and executed in the Geographic Information System of free software Quantum GIS (QGIS) and also, to perform the atmospheric correction and digital interpretation. For the identification and classification of the themes, the supervised classification method was applied in order to visualize the vegetation aspects. Subsequently, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to indicate the plants’ state of health. As a result of the multitemporal analysis it was obtained that, in the period 2018, an area of 78.2 km2 of native forest and 38.68 km2 of agricultural mosaic was evidenced; for the year 2021 there was a reduction of 75.2 km2 of native forest and 7.76 km2 of agricultural mosaic and an increase of perennial crop with 24.9 km2, pasture with 7.29 km2 and natural cover with 2.51 km2. Regarding (NDVI), values of 0.74 were obtained for the year 2018 and 0.87 for the year 2021. It was concluded that the factors related to the decrease in vegetation cover are anthropogenic activities such as deforestation and that the vegetation index values are greater than 0.5; therefore, they represent a large photosynthetic biomass in the study area. It is recommended that reforestation programs be carried out to avoid possible fragmentation and degradation of the vegetation cover.