Propuesta del plan de manejo ambiental para el botadero a cielo abierto del cantón Loreto, provincia de Orellana

Abstract

The objective of this work was to design an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the open- pit landfill in Loreto, in order to comply with environmental regulations and minimize the environmental impacts generated by the activity. An environmental assessment was carried out through direct observation in the field, literature review and laboratory analysis to determine the current situation of the dump. A process map was drawn up and the different activities carried out at the landfill were described by gathering information from semi-structured interviews. The causes and effects of each activity were identified using the interaction matrix, the aspects and impacts matrix and the modified Leopold - Conesa matrix, which made it possible to determine the importance of each impact. The EMP was developed and consists of nine subplans, each of which contains the following format: objective, responsible party, environmental aspect, environmental impact, proposed measure, indicators, means of verification, start and deadline. The results obtained from the analysis of soil and water samples indicate high levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu); the Leopold - Conesa matrix showed a total of 56 impacts, of which 4% are critical, 5% are severe impacts, and 91% are moderate impacts. It was concluded that the landfill in Loreto does not have a technical process or the appropriate infrastructure for the final disposal of residues and waste. It is recommended that the EMP proposal be implemented to replace the current landfill with a sanitary landfill that has the appropriate measures and techniques, generating a lower impact on the environment and the population