Caracterización de la estructura electrónica del tren de potencia de un vehículo eléctrico, mediante el uso de equipos de diagnóstico automotriz

Abstract

Currently, the provision of after-sales services for electric vehicles is limited due to the lack of training of automotive workshop workers, who lack a clear guide to identify and solve problems in this technology. The main purpose of this degree work was to develop a database of the behavior of the electronic elements that compose the power train of an electric vehicle by means of automotive diagnostic equipment, in order to obtain reference parameters. The methodology used was mainly inductive, with the objective of generating a database of the correct operation that could be compared with another one. Likewise, an inductive-deductive research methodology was applied to measure the insulation resistance of the motor, using the equipment provided by the autotronics laboratory of the Automotive Engineering course. The results included the generation of characteristic curves of the electronic components of the vehicle inverter and the analysis of the insulation resistance of an electric motor, documented by means of specialized software and office automation. It was concluded that the curve tracer is a valuable tool for detecting short circuits and anomalies in electric vehicle inverters, allowing rapid identification of potential problems and corrective action to be taken. The megohmmeter, on the other hand, was essential for measuring the insulation resistance of the electric motor, detecting problems in their early stages. The curve plotter not only facilitates accurate measurements, but also offers detailed reports and graphical display options, providing a complete overview of the condition of electronic components. This aids in making informed decisions for maintenance and repair, as well as proper documentation of procedures.