Estudio de la discipación de la energía durante las medidas en los procesadores cuánticos debido al principio de landauer

Abstract

The applications of non-ideal quantum logic gates cause energy dissipations that are bounded from below by the variation in von Neumann entropy due to the quantum Landauer principle, thus, in order to under stand how quantum information evolves when eliminated, the objective of this research was to study energy dissipation when executing measurements on quantum processors. The implemented methodology had a qualitative approach, with the main application factor being the mitigation of quantum errors, generating two groups of quantum circuits by mitigating and not mitigating the results. Furthermore, the information contained in the qubits, called system and reservoir, was reconstructed using quantum state tomography before and after applying the elimination protocol. All these quantum circuits were executed through a computer simulation using IBM’s Qiskit library. Using this methodology, the increase in the entanglement parameter between the qubits caused an increase in entropy and a decrease in the initial information con tained in the system, while positioning the amount of energy dissipated to the reservoir at lower, equal, and higher levels to the classical Landauer dissipation limit. Additionally, by implementing the mitigation, the initial entropies were reduced, increasing the entropy variation. However, the system information was transferred to lower levels of fidelity, causing an irreversible process of information loss. In this context, it is concluded that the classical Landauer limit, in the quantum world, serves as an apparent boundary be tween reversible and irreversible information processing. On the other hand, although mitigation brought about an approach to irreversibility, its application led us to the definition of the measurement defect, which provides a mathematical tool that characterizes the quality of measurements in certain quantum processors.