Estudio integral de la mastitis en vacas de la hacienda Delia María en la comunidad Pulug del cantón Guano

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the presence of mastitis in cows at the Delia Maria farm, Guano canton. This research was carried out to determine the incidence of subclinical mastitis, the associated etiology and antibiotic sensitivity. 15 cows were used in production diagnosed with subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The samples were analyzed in the Animal Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory (LABIMA) at the Faculty of Livestock Sciences - ESPOCH. For the analysis of the results of phase 1, descriptive statistics (averages, standard deviation, and percentages) and inferential statistics (T test) were used. While for phase 2, a completely randomized design was used, with 3 treatments with 5 repetitions and separation of means by the TUKEY test (p < 0.05). Therefore, the incidence was 23.33% in the left anterior quarter, followed by 16.67% in the right posterior quarter, 26.67% in the left posterior quarter, and 33.33% in the right posterior quarter. The most abundant bacteria were Gram positive cocci (80%), the most representative was Staphylococcus sp. (46.67%) and less frequently Gram-negative bacteria (20%). The sensitivity was determined by antibiogram, with Gram positive bacteria showing 50% resistance to Azithromycin and 83.33% sensitivity to Amikacin, unlike Gram negative bacteria showing 100% resistance to Amoxicillin-acid. clavulanate and 100% sensitivity to Tetracycline. It is concluded that the best antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin due to its high 100% effectiveness, which is why its application is recommended to control subclinical mastitis because the cost of treatment is economical and effective.