Síntesis, caracterización y aplicación de diferentes combinaciones de nanopartículas en un prototipo modelo para el tratamiento de aguas de río

Abstract

The main objective of the present research study was to focus on the synthesis, characterization and application of different combinations of nanoparticles in a model prototype for the treatment of river water, through an experimental analysis, with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. Water, an essential resource for life, faces a global quality crisis due to pollution. Therefore, the study population were plant species of mint (Mentha arvensis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), matico (Piper aduncum) and uvilla (Physalis peruviana L), proceeding for the research in three phases: green synthesis of AgNPs, CuONPs, FeNPs and Bi2O3NPs nanoparticles using aqueous extracts, characterization of nanoparticles by UV-VIS, FT-IR, SEM spectroscopy and their application in a model prototype for water treatment. As results in the synthesis of nanoparticles, a yield of 0.678 g in AgNPs, 0.165 g in FeNPs, 0.267 g in CuONPs and 0.22 g in Bi2O3NPs was obtained. When characterizing the nanoparticles by UV-VIS spectroscopy, a distinct peak of 414.75 nm in AgNPs, 196 nm in FeNPs, 327 nm in CuONPs and 205nm in Bi2O3NPs was observed; in FT-IR spectroscopy different absorption peaks were evidenced, mainly in O-H, C- H, C=C stretching bonds and in SEM an average size of 40 nm was evidenced in AgNPs, 90 nm in FeNPs, 35 nm in CuONPs and 7-93 nm in Bi2O3NPs. When applying the nanoparticles in the model prototype, the Bi2O3NPs (0.05 mol/L) met the physicochemical requirements for water quality to a greater extent, and in the microbiological analysis, the first concentration of nanoparticles had a greater effect in inhibiting total coliforms. It was concluded that, nanoparticles had a bactericidal effect for the treatment of water samples.