Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de acople híbrido con transmision manual y con motor eléctrico para silla de ruedas para personas con discapacidad de miembros inferiores para movilidad en áreas urbanas

Abstract

The objective of the technical project was to design and build a hybrid coupling prototype for wheelchairs that fuses a manual transmission with an electric motor. It is specifically aimed at people with disabilities in the lower limbs to improve their mobility in urban environments in Riobamba. In the first stage, a detailed analysis was carried out to determine the functional requirements and design parameters crucial for the development of the prototype, ensuring alignment with the needs and expectations of the end users. Subsequently, the design and selection of the necessary components and systems for the hybrid coupling with manual transmission and electric motor of the wheelchair was carried out. The next stage involved the development of the hybrid system, where meticulous selections of appropriate electrical-electronic components were made, considering factors such as energy efficiency and compatibility with the selected electric motor. The difference involved between the manual and electric systems is not the torques but the speed with which they can reach their maximum working point; in this way, the two systems require an initial torque of approximately 950Nm to break the rest, and when reaching the 25km/h requires 50Nm. The structural analysis identified the maximum stress in the main frame, with a magnitude of 208.5601 MPa, for which INEN 2415 Gr. A steel was used with a yield limit of 230 MPa. It was concluded that the system allows speeds from 0 to 12 km/h for easy driving, from 13 to 25 km/h for moderate driving with quick reaction, and speeds above 25 km/h, which require a more agile reaction that limits maneuverability. Using the prototype at an average 25 km/h speed is recommended.