Determinación de la dosis letal media de alcaloides de la especie Lonchocarpus Nicou contenidos en un biocida para el control del molusco Achatina Fulica.

Abstract

The main cause of biodiversity loss is related to the introduction of invasive species. A prominent example of this phenomenon is the Achatina fulica snail, a gastropod considered a pest of agricultural and sanitary importance due to its polyphagous diet and its role as a host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Angyostrongylus associated with meningitis. In this context, the objective of this reseaarch was to determine the LD50 of alkaloids of the species Lonchocarpus nicou contained in a biocide intended for the control of this mollusk. The methodology employed had a quantitative-qualitative approach, since quantitative statistical analysis methods were used to determine the LD50 of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Lonchocarpus nicou. In addition, a phytochemical screening was performed using a qualitative methodology by colorimetry and chemical reaction to determine the metabolites present. Moreover, Achatina fulica variables such as dosage (7%, 5%, 3%), weight of individuals evaluated (20-25 g) and evaluation time (24 and 48 hours) against Lonchocarpus nicou extracts were manipulated. The results of phytochemical characterization showed metabolites such as alkaloids, lactones and coumarins, quinones, reducing sugars, saponins, phenolic compounds and/or tannins, anthocyanidins, mucilages and bitter principles, and the LD50 for alcoholic extracts of Lonchocarpus nicou was found at a concentration of 6% while for aqueous extracts, the LD50 was at concentrations of 8%. At the end of the research, it is concluded that the LD50 of alkaloids of Lonchocarpus nicou species at concentrations of 6% in alcoholic extracts and 8% in aqueous extracts guarantees the death of 50% of Achatina fulica individuals exposed to these concentrations.