Evaluación de las líneas de regresión erosivas en la zona costera de la parroquia Engabao, del cantón Playas, provincia de Guayas, a través de técnicas de sensores remotos (remote sensing)

Abstract

In the study municipality area of Engabao, the influence of the erosion process is determined, which depends on anthropogenic and natural factors to the environment. For the development of the present research in the coastal zone of Engabao, the evaluation of the coastal processes from 2012 to 2020 is proposed by interpreting multi-step data. We used Google Earth Pro satellite images, oceanographic data, and GIS tools; from which we processed the data and information on the coastline in the period detailed above, including the rates of change and movement. Information on the sector's land use and economic activities was obtained to determine those anthropogenic processes that affect the study area. The results obtained demonstrate the correlation between erosion rates and natural processes concerning the Engabao site; showing little anthropogenic activity due to the artisanal development present in fishing and commerce. Subsequently, it is corroborated that the Engabao area needs mitigation zones in the face of a problem that is still present in a measured way; given the estimated changes in the coastal dynamics. In front of the linear regression rates, the evolution of the coastline is presented for the movement of the net coastline and the determination of the erosion rates of the coastal margin. They were obtained over a period of 8 years at Engabao commune. The results were obtained by analyzing three coastal zones elaborated from Google Earth Pro satellite images and the DSAS extension of ArcGIS software. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the erosive factors affecting Engabao Beach are: waves, tides, water, gravity, and those of anthropogenic origin. The loss of coastline, slope erosion, and gullies are problems that can be perceived within the studied area.