Efecto de Trichoderma spp. sobre Fusarium spp. bajo condiciones controladas como alternativa al uso de plaguicidas de síntesis química

Abstract

In this research, the problem of Fusarium spp control, a pathogen that affects diverse crops, was addressed by the use of Trichoderma strains. The general objective was to evaluate the efficacy of different Trichoderma strains in controlling the growth of Fusarium spp, and to characterize morphologically both species. The methodology used included the application of three methods: dual method, pre-colonized plate, and another based on volatile compounds. Competition for space and nutrients, microparasites, and antibiosis were evaluated using a completely randomized statistical design DCA with 3 methods of antagonisms and 3 replicates for each method with a confidence level of 5% in laboratory tests. In the completely randomized design (DCA), Tukey's test was performed. The results showed that all the evaluated Trichoderma strains had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Fusarium spp. However, the efficacy varied depending on the treatment conditions. In the results found in the present investigation, it was observed that the 2 strains of Fusarium were better controlled by the strains of Trichoderma when the dual method was used. This is represented by the letters E-J, which were similar to the controls and different from the treatments Trichoderma-Placa pre-colonized Fusarium with the smallest growths of 0.4 cm, represented by the letter A. It was observed that the 2 strains of Fusarium reached the maximum growths with the pre-colonized box method, which means that Fusarium once established, Trichoderma does not carry out any control. This is different from the treatment Trichoderma-Fusarium-dual method, where the lowest growth of Fusarium is observed. This implies that Trichoderma grew substantially, represented by the letter A.