Fundamentación teórica del perfeccionamiento de partes automotrices según metodologías NVH para reducir las vibraciones

Abstract

This work focuses on the theoretical basis of automotive parts improvement through the NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) methodology, with the objective of reducing vibrations and improving the quality perceived by users in vehicles. NVH stands out as an essential pillar in automotive engineering to evaluate and control noise, vibration and harshness, key factors for comfort and performance according to the standards of the competent authorities. The study encompasses the identification of relevant literature, graphical modeling of the exhaust system using CAD/CAE software, and simulation of structural behavior according to NVH, to understand the root causes of related problems and evaluate design improvements. Through analyses such as modal, sound quality, sound level and sound power, a systematic approach has been achieved for the characterization of noise and vibration sources, and the implementation of mitigation strategies, resulting in simulations that comply with the admissible parameters in noise, vibration and harshness. The results highlight the effectiveness of the material used and the design in high vibration and temperature conditions, concluding that, although the designs are prepared to withstand maximum exhaust gas temperatures, in normal driving conditions, these extreme situations rarely occur. The in-depth analysis allows concluding that the proposed improvements in the exhaust system design meet the NVH reduction objectives, marking a step forward in the search for more comfortable and efficient vehicles from the point of view of noise, vibration and harshness.