Identificación del efecto dislipidemiante de la gírgola Pleorotus ostreatus en ratas Rattus novergicus con hipercolesterolemia inducida

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major public health issues worldwide. Accounting for 17 million deaths annually. One of the risk factors is hypercholesterolemia. The objective of this study was to identify the lipid-lowering effect of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rats (Rattus novergicus) with induced hypercholesterolemia through an experimental, mixed-method, correlational study. To evaluate whether Pleurotus ostreatus possesses hypocholesterolemic activity, 15 rats (Rattus novergicus) were used. These were divided into 5 groups: GB (blank), GC (control group with Lovastatin), DM (maximum dose), Dm (medium mushroom dose), Dn (minimum mushroom dose), and all treatments were administered orally. The results showed that Pleurotus ostreatus and lovastatin had similar effects in reducing cholesterol levels in rats, however, lovastatin was more effective. When evaluating the three administered treatments compared to the positive control group, ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) and T-student statistical analyses were used, determining that there was a significant difference in the different administration periods of the mushroom. Besides, that there was no significant difference with the effect of the commercial medication (Lovastatin). The maximum dose (45 milligrams/day) was the most effective in treating hypercholesterolemia. Finally, after analyzing the physicochemical parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus, it was found that the raw material met the collection and administration criteria according to the NTE INEN 2719 technical standard (General standard for edible mushrooms and their products). It was concluded that Pleurotus ostreatus has a lipid-lowering effect, and its use is recommended for patients with elevated lipid profiles as a natural treatment and a possible alternative for treating this condition.