Evaluación in vitro de la actividad anti-fúngica de extractos alcohólico, etéreo y acuoso de Piptocoma discolor (Kunth.) Pruski (Pigüe), para el control de Fusarium sp

Abstract

Chemical control of fusarium sp in forest plantations is expensive, poses environmental and health risks, and can also generate resistant strains. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sustainable strategies that reduce dependence on chemicals and promote the health of ecosystems. The present study evaluated in vitro the antifungal activity of alcoholic, ethereal, and aqueous extracts of Piptocoma discolor to control Fusarium sp, highlighting the importance of forest species from Ecuador in the biological control of diseases. Three types of extracts were prepared: alcoholic, ethereal, and aqueous with pulverized leaves, sawdust from high wood and low wood from the Pigüe tree to which different tests were applied to identify the secondary metabolites present, the extracts were prepared at various concentrations (10,000, 1000, 100, 10, 0 ppm) with which the PDA cultivation mean was poisoned and the fungus was planted to evaluate its mycelial growth for 14 days. The results of the phytochemical screening showed high metabolic activity. In most of the tests, positive results were obtained to determine phenols, alkaloids, and lactones characteristic of Asteraceae, the family to which Piptocoma discolor belongs. The mycelial growth evaluated after fourteen days demonstrated that Piptocoma discolor extracts inhibit the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp.