Automatización de una columna de destilación de tanque agitado de ebullición enchaquetado para el laboratorio de procesos industriales

Abstract

The constant risk in the industry, combined with the growing need to improve efficiency and precision in distillation processes, underscores the importance of implementing control systems in equipment of this scale. These measures aim to optimize results, minimize errors, and ensure safety. This technical project focused on the automation of a boiling tank jacketed distillation column, specifically for separating binary ethanol-water mixtures. To achieve this, key variables such as boiling temperature, process time, and product composition were analyzed and controlled. The system was developed using an Arduino Mega microcontroller, enabling the monitoring and control of temperature sensors and actuating solenoid valves in the column. Additionally, IoT technology was integrated through an ESP32 module, allowing data to be uploaded to the cloud for more accessible and interactive information management. The methodology included the design and assembly of the control system, programming for monitoring, and IoT implementation for real-time data analysis and visualization. Experimental validation of the results was performed by comparing them with Matlab simulations, showing improvements such as a reduced time to reach the required temperature (20 minutes) and an alcohol concentration of 75° or higher in the final product—results close to those obtained from an ideal simulated model. Finally, laboratory guides were developed for the Automatic Process Control course, providing an educational resource for training future engineers. This automation project enhanced both safety and operational efficiency in the distillation process within the Industrial Processes laboratory.